ei-

    ei-

    English meaning: to go

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “gehen”

    Note: extended ei-dh-, ei-gh-, i-tü- and i̯-ü-, i̯-ē- : i̯ō- : i̯ǝ-

    Material: O.Ind. ḗmi, ḗti, imáḥ, yánti “go”, Av. aēiti, yeinti, O.Pers. aitiy “goes”, themat. Med. O.Ind. áya-tē etc. (apparent lengthened grade of O.Ind. ǘiti, Av. üiti “ goes to, comes to, comes up to, approaches, draws near “ is *ü-aiti, with prefix ü); Gk. Hom. εἶμι “ will go “, εἶ (*eisi), εἰ̃σι (Dor. εἶτι), pl. ἴμεν, ἴτε, ἴᾱσι (neologism for *ἴε̄σι instead of hε̃σι, *hεντι, IE *i̯-enti, O.Ind. yánti); Impf. Att. ἦια (neologism for *ἦα = O.Ind. ǘyam); Konj. ἴω (instead of *ἔω, IE *ei̯ō, O.Ind. 3. sg. áyat); Opt. εἴη (instead of *ἴη, IE *ii̯ēt, O.Ind. iyǘ t), Imper. ἔξ-ει (Lat. ī, Lith. eĩ-k), ἴθι (O.Ind. ihí, Hitt. i-i-t); Maybe Alb. ik-i : Lith. eĩ-k “ go “ Lat. eō “go” (*ei-ō for athemat. *ei-mi), īs, it, pl. īmus, ītis (neologism as Lith. ei-mè), eunt (*ei̯-onti for previous *i̯-enti), Imper. ī (*ei), particle present iēns instead of *i̯ēns = O.Ind. yán, gen. yat-áḥ (*i̯-n̥t-es, compare Gk. ᾽Επίασσα), O.Lith. ent- (instead of *jent-); perf. ĭī (*ii̯- ai: O.Ind. iy-üy-a), secondary īvī; päl. eite = “you go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass”, Umbr. etu = “to go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass” (ampr-ehtu, apretu “ ambit, circuitous route”, en-etu = in-ītō), etu-tu “he/she shall go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass “, eest, est “he/she will go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass “ (*ei-seti), ier “be going away “ (demonstrates a perf. *ied), etc.; Osc. eítuns (set) “they will be gone” (*ei-tōn-es); Welsh wyf “I am”, actually “I go” 2. sg. wyt (different about wyt Stern ZfceltPh. 3, 394 Anm.); Goth. iddja “I walked “ probably = Lat. ĭī, O.Ind. iy-ǘy-a; s. die Lith. by Feist 288; O.E. ēode “ walked “ is unexplained; O.Pruss. ēit “goes”, ēisei “ you go “, perēimai “ we come “, Inf. perēit; O.Lith. eĩmi, eĩsi, eĩti, pl. eimè, eitè, and eimì, eisì, eĩt(i), pl. eĩme, eĩte; Dual eivà, eità, preterit ėjaũ, Inf. eĩti; Supin. eĩtų (= O.Ind. étum Inf.); Ltv. eĩmu (older *eĩmi), iêmu (secondary eju, *ietu, Lith. dial. eitù etc.); Inf. iêt, iẽt; Supin. iêtu; O.C.S. Inf. iti (== Lith. eĩti), present idǫ, Aor. idъ, neologism to Imper. *i-dhi > *idь > idi, as also Lith. eidu “I go” to Imper. *eidi; Toch. A ymäs “ we go “, В yam “he goes”, usually no-present yanem “they go”, etc.; Hitt. Ipv. i-it (it) “go!” (= Gk. ἴ-θι), medial e-ḫu “come!”; pa-a-i-mi (paimi, with preverb *pe-) “I go away”, 3. pl. pa-an-zi (*-i̯-enti, O.Ind. yánti), etc.; s. Pedersen Hitt. 129 f.; unclear is the IE basic form of a voiced stop i-ja-at-ta-ri (ijattari) “goes, marches”; compare Couvreur H̯ 101; -i̯-o- “going” as 2. composition part in Gk. πεζός among others, s. W. Schulze LEN. 4353. t-formations: O.Ind. ití- f. “ gait, alteration”, ityǘ “ gait “, dur-itá- (Av. duž-ita-) “ hardly accessible “, prütar-ítvan- “ frũh ausgehend oder auskommend “, itvará- “going”, vītá - (*viita-) see under; ḗta- “hurrying”; Infin. étum; Maybe Alb.Tosk vete “I go”, Gheg me vajt “to go” Gk. ἁμαξ-ιτός “ mobile for carriage “, ἰταμός, ἴτης “( brave =) pert, foolhardy “, εἰσ-ιτήρια “ Antrittsopfer “; o-grade οἶτος “ fate of people, destiny “? (compare “ course of the world “, s. different above S. 11); Lat. exitium, initium (: fem. O.Ind. ityǘ ); itiō “ going out or away; hence destruction, ruin; also a cause of destruction “ (: O.Ind. ití-); iter, itineris n. “way, alley” (compare Toch. A ytür f., В ytürye f. “way, alley”, Hitt. i-tar, gen. innas “ the going “, O.Ir. ethar m. “ scow, ferry-boat “), originally r/n-stem; com-es, -itis “ companion “; itus, -ūs m. “ gait “, next to which zero grades *ei-tu-s probably as base from Osc. eituam, eítiuvam “ property, riches, wealth, *incomings “ (compare to meaning “ entrance, incomings, returning, return, εἴσοδος” or “ moving property “); O.Ir. pass. ethae “ gone away, departure”, ethaid “goes”, ad-etha (*-it-üt) “ seizes “; perhaps O.Ir. ōeth “oath”, O.Welsh an-utonou, M.Welsh an-udon “ perjury “ = Goth. aiÞs, O.N. eiðr, O.E. üÞ, O.S. ēth, O.H.G. eid “oath” (formal = Gk. οἶτος, meaning perhaps evolved from “ oath way, stepping forward to taking of an oath “, compare Swe. ed-gång?, s. but above S. 11.); asachs. frēthi “ apostate, fleeting “, O.H.G. freidi “ fleeting, bold, foolhardy “ (from *fraiÞya-, *pro-iti̯os “the the gone away, the departed “, compare O.Ind. prēti- f. “ leave, escape, departure “, in addition prētya “ after the death, on the other side “); Maybe Alb.Gheg me pritë (*pre-ita) “to host” probably O.N. vīðr “ capacious, wide, vast, spacious”, O.E. O.S. wīd, O.H.G. wit, Ger. weit from *u̯i-itos “ gone apart “ (compare O.Ind. vītá - “gone, dwindled, missing, without”, vītabhaya- “fearless”, vīti- f. “go away, pass over, depart, seclude oneself” and Lat. vītüre, see under). iterative i-tü- in Gk. ἰτητέον, ἰτητικός el. ἐπ-αν-ιτᾱκώρ, Lat. itō, -üre, O.Ir. ethaid “goes”, Umbr. (with secondary lengthened grade probably after eitu, eite) etatu, etato “have gone, will go”; unclear Gk. φοιτάω “go here and there” (ἰτάω with prefix *φοι, to Goth. O.H.G. bi- ??), Lat. vītüre “ to shun, seek to escape, avoid, evade “ = “(by Plaut. m. dative) go from the way, go from sb “; doubtful, if here Lat. ūtor (aLat. oetor, oitile) “ to use, make use of, employ, profit by, take advantage of, enjoy, serve oneself with “, päl. oisa aetate “ get used to an enjoying life “, Osc. úíttiuf “ usufruct “, with prefix o-, originally “ approach, wherewith deal with “ (úíttiuf still distinct with corresponding Lat. itiō; still it remains to be clarified, if the present from *o-itürī would be transferred in the way of the root verb); if οἴσω “ will carry “ as “ go up to something “ or “ go with something “ as based on ūtor from *o- + *it-? After Schwyzer Gk. I 7529 rather from *oi-s-; compare under οἴχομαι. dh-formations: Gk. ἴθμα n. “ gait “, εἰσίθμη “ entrance “; doubtful ἰσθμός, Att. inschr. ΏIσθμός “ narrow access, tongue of land, promontory, isthmus; neck “ (basic form *idhdhmos? at least the way of the penetration from σ would not be clear in older *ἴθμος); compare Schwyzer Gk. I 49212; O.N. eið “ isthmus “; Lith. instr. eĩdine “ in amble, easy pace “ (of horses), O.C.S. idǫ “go” (see above). m-formation: O.Ind. ḗma- m. “ gait “ (but Gk. οἶμος, οἷμος “ gait “ to ἐείσατο, s. u̯ei- “ἱεμαι”); Lith. eisme ̃ “ gait, Steige” with Lith. -sm-suffix. u̯-formation: O.Ind. ḗva- m. “run, departure, way, consuetude, custom”; O.Ind. dur-ḗva- “ of bad kind, mad, wicked, evil”; O.H.G. ēwa (*oiu̯ü) f “ law, norm, covenant, matrimony “, O.S. ēu, ēo m., O.E. ǣw, ǣ f. “ law, sacred custom, matrimony “ (for resemblance with ēua “ eternity, perpetualness “ pleads Weigand-Hirt s. v.); compare also Goth. ƕaiwa “as, like” (if from *qʷōiu̯ os from *qʷo-oiu̯os; so also Gk. ποῖος under likewise?, see under qʷo ); e-grade Lith. péreiva, péreivis “ landloper “, after Specht KZ. 65, 48 from adj. *ejùs, to ved. upüyú - “ approaching “. l-formation probably in intensive O.S. īlian, O.H.G. īllan “hurry, rush “ (from *ijilian; *ei̯eli̯ō, formation as Lat. sepeliō ); at most, yet very doubtful, Nor. dial. eil f. “ gully resembling a dent “, Swe. dial. ela ds., Lith. eile ̃ “row, furrow”, Ltv. ailis “ area, row”. gh-extension in: Arm. ēj “ descent “, ijanem (Aor. ēǰ) “climb down, go down”, ijavank” pl. “ inn “, ijavor “guest”; Maybe Alb.Gheg hyj “enter” [Alb. preserves the old laryngeal ḫ-] Gk. εἴχεται οἴχεται Hes., οἴχομαι “ go away, be away “, οἰχνέω “go, come”, perhaps also ἴχνος, ἴχνιον “ footprint “ (as “tread, step”); O.Ir. ōegi, gen. -ed “guest”; Lith. eigà f. “gait “. i̯ü- in: O.Ind. yǘ ti “goes, travels”, Av. yüiti ds., O.Ind. yǘ na-ḥ m. “pathway”, n. “ gait, vehicle”, Av. yüh- n. “crisis, (turning point), verdict “ (s-stem); Gk. “Επ-ίασσα “pressed, squeezed, being upon” (with -nt-suffix), epithet of Demeter (: O.Ind. yatī́ “ the going “); Lat. Jünus “altItal. God of the doors and the beginning of the year; he had a small temple in the Forum, with two doors opposite to each other, which in time of war stood open and in time of peace were shut “, jünua “ doors “; O.Ir. ü “ pivot, axle, cart “ (IE *i̯ü), üth “ford” (*i̯ü-tu-s; Brit. supplementary assumes Pedersen KG. I 322 f.); Lith. jóju, jóti, Ltv. jâju, jât “ride”, Lith. jódyti “ ride continually “; O.C.S. jadǫ, jachati (s-extension *i̯ü-s-) “drive, be carried, conveyed “, particle pass. prě- javъ, jazda “the going, riding”, jato “herd, flock” (see to Slav. forms Berneker 441 f., v. d. Osten-Sacken IF. 33, 205, Brũckner KZ. 45, 52, Persson Beitr. 348 f.); in addition Slav. FlN Jana (Nowgorod), Janka (Vilna), Jana (Bulgaria), Ger. Jahna (Saxony); s. Rozwadowski RSl. 6, 64. Perhaps also here Ltv. Jünis (thrown together with christl. Johannes) as a ruler of the sky gate; compare above E. Fraenkel Balt Sprachwiss. 134; Toch. A yü “he walked “, В yatsi “go”, with p- extension yopsa “ he entered “, etc. (Pedersen Toch. 231); compare O.Ind. yüpá yati “ allows to reach to “. i̯ē- in i̯ēro-: i̯ōro-: i̯ǝro- “year, summer”: O.Ind. paryürí ṇ ī- (pari-yürí ṇ ī-) “ calving after one year only “ (?); Av. yürǝ n. “year”; Gk. ὥρα “ season, daytime, hour, right time”, ὧρος “time, year”; perhaps Lat. hōrnus “ of this spring, this year’s “, if being based on *hōi̯ ōrō “in these years”, compare O.H.G. hiuru “this year” from *hiu jüru; Proto-Celt. *i̯arü (*i̯ǝrü), Welsh Bret. iar “hen”, Gaul. PN Iarilla, M.Ir. eir-īn “ chicken “ (O.Ir. *air-īn); incorrect O”Rahilly Eriu 13, 148 f.; Goth. jēr, O.N. ür, O.E. geür, O.S. O.H.G. jür n. “year”; R.C.S. jara “ spring “, Russ. jarь “ summer harvest “ (etc., s. Berneker 446, therefrom derivatives for one-year-old animal, e.g. Russ. járec “ one-year-old beaver”, járka “ sheep lamb “, Bulg. járka “young chicken “); against it certainly here M.H.G. jün “row, way “, Ger. Jahn “ way, row of mowed grain “, Swe. mundartl. ån ds.

    References: WP. I 102 ff., WH. I 406 ff., 658 f., 668 f., 723, Schwyzer Gk. I 674.